hinokley



(No Medel.) 2 Sheets-'Sheet E. D. HINCKLEY. LGK.

Patented Jvly i4, 1896.

nIf!

Figa 5.

Witnesses.-

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented July 14, 1896.

H. 'D. HINCKLEY. LOCK.

(No Model.)

UNITED STATES PATENT j Trios.

HENRY D. HINoKLnY,`oF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

Lock.l

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 563,925, dated July 14, 1898.

Application med february 14.1896. Seraing. 579,213. (Numan.)

To al?, whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, HENRY D. HINCKLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Locks, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to locks of that class having rotary tumbler carriers and commonly known as cylinder-locks, the object of the invention being to furnish an improved lock of the class specified embodying a simplilied and highly reliable organization of mechanism that will eectually defeat any attempt to open the lock by picking,- and which may be' readily assembled for use Aby any unskilled person without the employment of special tools.

A further object of the invention 4is to furinish a lock of the class specified which is not only applicable to all uses that the socalled Yale lock is now applied, but may also be applied to and constitute a part of a1 door-knob, handle, or other analogous de vice.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a vertical section taken i'n dotted line a a, Fig. 2, of my improved lock embodied in and' constituting a part of a door-knob attachment, said figure ishowing the lock proper concentrieally supported within a door-knob and showing a key in dotted lines. Fig. 2 is a front view of the device shown in Fig. l, as seenfrom the right lhand in said figure, said figure showing an axially-recessed plate scoured to the knob concentric to the lock proper, and having a series of radial keyslots therein. Fig. 3 'isa .front View of a mortise or desk lock embodying my improve. ments.; Fig. 4 is a plan view of the lock shown-in Fig. 3, a portion of the article to which thclock is attached being shown in section.' Fig. 5 is a front view of the lockcase` shown in Fig. 3, and showing the sliding bolt, which is supported in said'case, in its retracted or unlocked position, the boltactuating pinor stud being shownrin full lines in section, and the bolt-actuator carrying said-pin being shown in dotted line. Fig. is a view, similar to Fig. 5, of the same parts,

" and'sliowing the bolt in its advanced or locking position. Fig. 7 is a rear view of the bolt-actuator or tumbler-guide and-its bear- 'ing or case, as seen from the left hand in Fig.

8. Fig. 8; is a side view of the bolt-actuator oase, as seen',from the right hand in Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal vertical section of' my improved lock, minus' the bolt, taken in dotted line b I), Fig. 10, as seen from the left hand in said figure, this figure being on a relatively large scale as compared with the View of the same parts shown 'in Fig. 1. Fig. ll-is a front view of a portion of a doorknob, showing the bolt-actuator in dotted lines, and also showing, in modified form, a guide-plate secured thereto. Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a portion ot' the lock and guide-plate shown in Fig. 11, and illustrating the operation of inserting a key, a portion of the key being shown in this ligure. Fig. 13 is a sectional plan view of the lock proper, the section being taken in dotted line c c, Fig. 10, and showing the combined tuinbler-guide and bolt-actuator in its normal position, or in the position to receive the key. Fig.- l-i is a view, similar to Fig. 13, of the same parts, showing the key-blade inserted into the lock in position to turn the tumblerguiding bolt-actuator. Fig. 15 is a view, simi- -lar to Fig; 14, of the same .parts and showing the tumbler-guiding boltactuator turned slightly from the position shown in Fig. 14 and showing the tumblers extending through the grooves ot the key and in position to lock said keyagainst withdrawal. Fig. 16 is a vertical longitudinal section of the parts shownin Fig. 13, taken in vdotted line b b, Fig. 10, said figure showing the tumblerguilding bolt-actuatorin its normal position and locked against accidental rotation by the actuator-locking detent. Fig. 17 is a View,

Vsimilar to Fig. 14, of the same parts and showi ing the tumblers in locked engagement with the bolt-actuator. p This gure is intended to illustrate the actions ofthe tumblers in case the lock is tampered with, and said figure shows a key partially inserted into a lock. Fig.

18 is a cross-sectional view of the lock, taken on a line corresponding to the dotted line d cl, Fig. 13, and looking toward the right in said tvure. lol-tik, .similar to Fig. 16, and showing the key inserted 'in said lock in position to release the action of the locking-detent. lfig. 20. is a ico Fig. 19 is a vertical `section of the view, lsimilar to Fig. 19, showing the'key and l actuator as having been turned one-half of a a portion relative planes.

ssl

' hand in Fig. 19.

similar to Fig. 2G', of a slightly-modified form of bolt-actuator, said figure showing the keycomplete rotation, the detent in this position of the parts rengaging the actuator. Figs. 21and 22 are side and edge views, respectively, of oneof the actuator-locking tumblers or Wards. Fig. 23 is arear end view of of the bolt-actuator casing and the actuator-,locking detent, the bolt-actuator being removed. Fig.' 24 is a longitudinal section of the bolt-actuator casing and detent,

taken in dotted line e e., Fig. 23, and lookingy toward'the left hand in said figure. Fig. 25 is a side view of the combined tumbler-guide and bolt-actuator. detached. Fig. .2G is an end view of said actuator, as seen from the left hand in Fig. 25. of the key detached,as seen from the left Fig. 2S is an end view,

groove in said actuator located in different Fig. 29 isa cross-sectional View of a key adapted to fit the key-grooves of the actuator shown in Fig. 2S. Fig. 30 is a cross-sectional view of the lock, similar to Fig. 18, showing the same provided with superimposed actuato-rlocking tumblers or wards. Fig. 31 is alongitudinal section of the parts shown in Fig. 30, and taken in dotted line ff, Fig. 30. Fig. 32 is a side view of a portion of the key adapted for the lock shown in Figs'. 13 to 20, inclusive. Fig. 33 is a crosssectional View, similar to Fig. 30, of a portion of the'lock, showing the actuator as having only one longitudinal key-slotand showing a slightly-modified form of tumbler. Fig. 3i is a side view of a portion of the key adapted to fit-the lock shown in Fig. Fig. 35is a side View, similar to Figs. 13, 14, and 15, of a portion of the bolt-actuator, showing a slightly-modified form of tumbler, vthis figure being intended to show means for engaging and locking the bolt-actuator in case a'key is inserted in said actuator, which has all the requirements for actuating the bolt withthe exception of thickness.

Similar characters designate` like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

In the preferred embodiment of my invention (shown most clearly in Figs. 1, E), and

13) the lock properexcluding the latch or` bolt and its easing, which constitutes no cssential part of this invention-comprises a casing, (designated in a general way by 13;) acombined tumbler-guide and bolt-actuator, (designated in a general way by 0,) rotatively supportedin said casing and held as against longitudinal movement; one or more actuatorlocking tumblers circumferentially disposed 'about said actuatorv and held as against rotative' movement, and a detent (designated in a general way by E) for engaging the boltactuator at predetermined points in its rotary movement and for normally locking the same in its locking or unlocking position.

'lhe casing B, which may be of any suit- Fig. 27 is an end view able general construction for carrying the operative parts of the lock, comprises a cylindrical bearing 2, adapted for receiving and supporting, the rotative bolt-actuator, and which will usually have a ilange 3 at the inner end thereofL to form a means for attaching the same to the casi-ng which carries the bolt, as shown,for instance, in Figs. B and 4.

Then the lock is used in connection with, and constitutes a part of, a door-knob, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the inner end of the casing B will usually be cylindrical in crossseetion and externally screw-threaded to receive a nut bymeans of which said easing or cylinder may be secured to the` escntcheonplate and knob of the door.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, which show the lock incorporated in the knob attachment and illustrate one embodiment of this invention, the bolt-actuator easing li is Ishown cylindrical in cross-section from end toend an'd in diierent diameters. The larger outer end portion 2 constituting the bearing for the bolt-actuator, and the smaller inner end portion 3',`which constitutes a support for the door-knob K, extends for a short distance through the escuteheonplate l', securedl to the door, and is provided with a nut 5. f

The knoby K, which constitutes an actuator for the key of the lock, is axially recessed to receive the casing Bof the leek, and is shown provided at the front end thereof with a guard-plate G', whichhas key-guides 7 yformed therethrough and which register with the key-slots of the bolt-actuator, as will be hereinafter more. fully described. -In the form thereof shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, the bolt-actuator has an elongated extension or spindle 8' at'theinnerendthereof, which is adapted to'be operatively connected with the draw-bolt or bolt-actuating cam (not shown) in any suitable manner.

ln the construction and organization of locking device shown inFig. l, the door-knob will be lfitted so as to freely rotate upon the cylindrical aetuating-casin g, and will be held against longitudinal movement on said casing by reason of the shoulder 9' on the doorknob abutting against the enlargement of said casing, as will be understood by reference to said figure.

The bolt-actuator C, which also constitutes a guide for the tumblers of the lock, as here- IOO IlO

inafter described, and which may be herein- A f around opposite,peripheral portions of the bolt-actuator, and each set comprising three relatively remote parallel guidcways, those of one set being designated by 12, 13, and 14, respectively, and those of the other set being designated by 12', 13', and li', respectively.

The two sets of guideways for the tumblers are shown in Figs. 13 and 1S separated from cach other at opposite adjacent ends by keyways 'or key-grooves 10 and 10', respectively, formed in opposite faces of the bolt-actuator. These keyways extend lengthwise from the outer to the extreme inner end of the actuator in planes at right angles to the planes of the tumbler-guideways and parallel to the axis of rotation of said actuator, and extend widthwise from relatively remote points at opposite sides of the axis of the actuatorto, and terminate at opposite outside faces of, said actuator, said keyways being separated from eachother at their inner adjacent edges by a longitudinal wall formed integral with the actuator, and which wall constitutes a keycentering support or key-positioning guide C Each of these keyways is of a width in excess of the depths of the guideways and is wholly located between the periphery and axis of the actuator. and 10 are adapted for receiving the blades 25 and 25' ofthe key K', by means of which lthe lock is actuated. The longitudinal wall C constitutes a guiding-face for the blade of the key and insures theaccnrate operative positioning of said key with reference to the tumblers, irrespective of any inaccuracies in lit between the bolt-actuator and its casing.

The key K for actuating the lock shown in Figs. 1 to 20, inclusive, has two blades 25 and 25', in the outer side edges of which are formed notches 15, 16, and 17, and 15,-16', and 17', res ectively, which correspond in number, pos tion, width, and depth, and are adapted, when the key is inserted in the lock, to register with the peripheral guideways in the bolt-actuator. The walls of the' notches in the key-blades come into direct alinement and are ilush with the corresponding walls of the adjacent guideway of the bolt-actuator, when the key is inserted in the lock in the manner shown in Figs. 14, 15, 19, and 20, to thereby bridge the space between the two sets of guideways and transform. the two normally-separated sets of guideways practically into one set comprising a series of continuoiis'annular,

gnideways.

It will be understood that the construction` of the bolt-actuator, in so far as it relates to the number of sets of guideways or the number and relative disposition of the guideways inE each set, may be variously modified with- J u l. out departure from my present invention,

this being simply an arbitrary matter to bedetermined vby the requirements in each particular case. For instance, the guideway will, in practice, usually be arranged diifer.

ently in different locks, for the purpose of producing the successive values or combina.-

tions required for dilfcrent locks.

In Fig. of the drawings, the boltactu Said keyways 10 andy the'bolt-actuator, and the tuniblers ator is shown having but one tumbler-guideway in the periphery thereof, which extends almost entirely around the periphery of said actuator, the opposing ends ofthe guide-wall being separated by one keyway. This-is a primitive form of lock embodying my invention, and is adapted for .use in ordinary cases \Where there is little .danger of the lock being tampered with. With this form of lock,va key, similar to that partially shown'in Fig. 34, will be used for turning the bolt-actuator, said key having but one blade. y

As a means for locking the bolt-actuator C against rotation, I have provided, in connection with said bolt-actuator, improved locking mechanism embodying means for normally locking the actuator when the bolt of the lock is in its locked or unlocked position, or when .the vbolt-actuator is in what will be hereinafter termed its open and closed position, and also embodying means for locking the bolt intermediate of its opening and closed positions, when turned. by anything except the proper key.

The first-mentioned means for normally locking the bolt in itspopen and closed positions is herein shown in the nature of alockingdetent,(designatedin ageneral way by 11,) which is shown as a spring-catch secured in the manner illustrated in Fig. 16 to the outer face of the tubular bearing 2, and having at its inner end a cam-face actuator-engaging head or projection 18, which extends through an opening 18' in the bearing, and engages between tlie side walls of the longitudinal keyways 10 and I10', alternately, as will be understood by a comparison of Figs. 9, 10, 19, and 2O of the drawings. This detent is thrown out-of engagement with the actuator by means ofv the key, when the saine is inserted into the keyways of the actuator and pushed home; and as a means for preventing thel unlocking of the detent relatively to the actuator, when the form of lock and key shown iii Figs. 19 and 20 is employed-unless the key is inserted right side up-one of the'blades, as 25', of the key is cut away or beveled olf, as shown at 26, at the inner end thereof, so as to non-engage the cam-face of the locking-detent, when this blade of the `key is inserted into the keyway into which the projection 18 of the detent extends, whereas the blade 25 has its linner end constructed to engage said projection and force the same upward, as will be understood byl comparison of Figs. -20 and 19 of the drawings. f

The means for locking the bolt-actuator, intermediate of its open and closed position, comprise, in the preferred form thereof herein shown in Figs. 13 to 18, inclusive, two sets of tumblcrs, thetumblers of one/set being designated by 19,20, and 2l, and being located, respectively, in the guidcways 12, 13, and 14 of of the other set being designated by 19', 20', and 21',

.and being located, respectively, in the guide- ICD ilov

Axo

lock which has all the characteristics for opening the lock With the exception of being too thin. v

The lock may be rendered additionally secure by locating the keyways in the bolt-actuator in relatively different planes trans-y versely ofsaid actuator, as shown in Fig. 28,

in which casca key having odset blades, as

illustrated in Fig. 259, will be used.

Referring back to Figs. l and 2 of the drawings, the guard-plate 6 for the lockis' shown axially recessed and having a series of radially-disposed guide-slots 7 opening into the cent-ral recess of said plate. This plate, it will be obvious, may be variously modified Without departure from this invention-as, for instance, it might be made to @over and protect the end of the lock and simply have two guide-slots formed therethrough to register with the keyways of the bolt-actuator, as shown in Figs. 1l and 12. In either case it is desirable to slightly iiare the outer ends of the keyways in thebolt-actuator, so that'when the guide-slots of the guard-plate through which the key isr inserted come in approximate registration with the -keyways of the `actuator the pressure naturally exerted upon the key in holding the same in the guide-slots oi the guard-plate will cause the same to enter the keyway of said actuator, as will be readily understood by comparison of Figs. l, 2, 11, and l2 of the drawings. A

In the organization of locking device shown in Figs. l and 2, after the key is inserted in the lock, through the slots of the guardplate, the key may be turned to actuate the lock by rotating the door-knob K.

Vith the construction and organization of` lock herein described and shown in the drawings the key may be turned, when properly inse ted in thelock, in'either direction to effcct aloe-king or unlocking movement of the p bolt-actuator.

In the organization of lock mechanismy shown in Figs. 3 and 4, and in detail in Figs. 5 to 8, inclusive, the bolt-actuator has secured to the inner end thereof a disk 40, carrying a bolt-actuator pin 41, the axis of which is located at one side of, and in plane parallel to, the axis of the actuator. This pin extends into a transverse elongated slot 42 in a bolt 43, fitted for sliding movement in the casing or bolt-carrier frame 44, which is secured to the lock-case B by means of screws 45, in a manner shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the pin 4l on the actuator C and the sliding bolt being so disposed that when the actuator is rotated from the position shown in Fig. 19 to the position shown iii-Fig. 20, the sliding bolt will be thrown outward or inward, as the invention.

case may be.

The lock proper (shown most clearly in Fig. 9) ma f be applied to any suitable bolt mechanism, the bolt mechanism, per se, constituting no essential part of my present Having non,r described my invention, l claim- 1. In a lock of the class specified, the combination with a suitable casing, of a bolt-actuator supported for rotation in said casing and having a key centering and guiding support extending its entire length; and one or more actuator locking tumblers partially surrounding the tumbler-actuator and held asl is Wholly located betweeny the periphery and' the axis of the actuator; and a non-rotative tumbler supported in said casing in concentric relation with the actuator.

3. ln a lock of the class specified, the combination With a suitable casing; of a bolt-actuator supported for rotation in said casing and having a peripheral guideway in concentric relation with the axis thereof, and also having a longitudinal keyway extending its entire length, which intersects the guideway and which ext-ends Widthwise from the peripheryv of the actuator to, and terminates at, a point between said periphery and the axis of said actuator; and a tumbler locatedin said guide- Wa-y and held as against rota-tive movement.

4. The herein-described bolt-actuatorfor locks of the class specified, it consisting of a rotative member having a series of relatively remote parallel guideways formed in the periphery concentric to the axis thereof, and also having substantially midway of its diameter a key centering and guiding support extending the entire length of said actuator.

5. The herein-described bolt-actuator for locks of the class specified, it consisting of a substantially cylindrical member having a series of circumferential tumbler-guides and two radial ke'yways open at their outer edges to and intersecting the-guideways, said key- Ways extending the entire length of Asaid cylindrical member, and also having akey centering and guiding support located between and separating the inner adjacent ends of the keyways.

6. ln a lock of the class specified, the combination with a casingand with a bolt-actu- IOO ITO

ator rotatively mounted in said casing; of a key-actuated lookin g-detentsupported on the casing for movement toward and away from the axis of the actuator and adapted foi-locking said actuator relatively to the casing.

7 In a lock of the class specified, a casing; a cylindrical bolt-actuator rota tively supported in said casing' and having aradially-disposed keyway open atits outer edge to the periphery and terminating at its inner edge near the axis of the actuator to form a supporting and key-centerin gg-uide, and also havling a parti-circular peripheral guide-groove which communicates with the keyway and is concentric to the axis of the actuator; and an actuator-lookin g tumbler supported for transverse movement with respect to, and held as against longitudinal movement in, the guidegroove, and adapted for engaging' the side walls of the keyway to lock the bolt against rotation.

8. In a lock, the combination of a suitable casing; a longitudinally and cireumferen-` 9. In a lock, a suitable` casing; a longitu- 'dinally and lcrcumferentially grooved boltactuator rotatively supported in said casing and having a substantially central key centering and guiding support extending its entire length, adapted for holding a key against transverse movement relatively to said actuator; and a tumbler supported in the circumferential groove of the actuator; combined with an actuator-rotating member removably supported in and closing the longitudinal f groove of the actuator and havinga groove for registering with the circumferential groove of the actuator to form a bridge over which the tumbler may ride during the rotation of the actuator, and also a face coacting with the guiding-support of said actuator, whereby said actuator-rotating member is held with its circumferential groove in a precise position with respect to the circumferential groove in the actuator.

10. In a lock of the class speciiied, the combination with the casing and with the bolt-aev tuator having a circumferential tumbler-receiving groove; ot' a tumbler supported in said groove for movement longitudinally of the actuator; and an independent tumbler supported between the actuator and the firstmentioned tumbler for movement transversely of said actuator.

' 11. The combination with a rotatably-supported bolt-actuator having a keyway, of a locking device normally-engaging insaid keyway in positionv to be actuated by an inserted key.

12. In a lock of the class specified, the'combination ofl a suitable casing; a bolt-actuator supported for rotation in said casing and having circumferential locker-guides, and also having a longitudinal keywayintersecting said locker-guides; a detent in normal engagementv with and locking said bolt-actuator against rotation; actuator-locking tumblers circumferentially disposed about, and supported as against longitudinal.movemeutin the guideways /ofhthc bolt-actuator; land y means for releasing the,detent and foi-,rotating the actuator.A

- 13. In a lock of thc classs'pc'cilied, the comf bination with the casing and with the rotative bolt-actuator having a circumferential guideway; of two independent parti-circular tumblers supported oneby the other and located in the circumferential guideway between the bolt-actuator and casing.

14. In a lock of the class specified, the combination with a suitablel easing; of a longitudinally and circumferentially grooved boltactuator supported for rotation in said casin g, and having a longitudinal extension adapted for connecting with the bolt to be actuated; a series of resilient actuator-lockers supported in the circumferential groove of the actuator and held as against rotative movement, and

' havin g laterally-movable lookin g ends in position for engaging thel walls of thelongitudinal groove of the actuator;` and alocking-detent fixed to' the casing, and having means for engaging the bolt-actuator to lock the same at predetermined points in the rotative movement thereof.

15. In a lock, the combination with a suitable casing and with a bolt-actuator supported for rotation in said casing and having a suitable keyway therein; of a key-actuator rotatively supported on said casing and having key-engagin g devices located in advance of the outer end of the bolt-actuator in position to engage a key.

1G. In a lock, the combination with a boltyactuator having a longitudinal extension for connection with the bolt to belactuated, and with the bolt-actuator easing; of a knob-like key-actuator rotatively supported on said casing and held as against longitudinal movement relatively to said easin g; and means carried by said key-actuator for engaging the key when the. same is inse'rtedin the lock.

17. Ina lock, in combination with a rotative bolt-actuator having an extension for connection with the bolt to be actuated, and having keyways in the outer end thereof; a non-rotative casing surrounding said boltactuator, and holding the same against longitudinal movement; a key-actuator rotatively supported on,and held as against longitudinal movement relatively to, the bolt-actuator casing; and a guard-plate secured to said keyaetuator, and having key-slotsadapted to register with the keyways of the bolt-actuator.

18.v The combination with a rotative boltactuator; of a knob; a key; and means carried by theknob for engaging said key.

19. The combination with a knob, of a boltactuator casing ou which said knob is normally free to rotate; a bolt-actuator within said casing; and means 'carried by the knob for engaging an inserted key.

y HENRY D. IuNcKLEv. lVitnesses:

FRED J. DOLE, I

HENRY BIssELL.

IOO

Ixo 

